How can one refrain from violating FERPA guidelines in online
communication?
Grade information should NOT be shared in online communication unless it has been approved by administration. In the case of online education, protocol will be as stated by the plan in place by the school administrators. In a traditional school environment, NO information of consequence (specific grades, promotion or retention) should be communicated via email. Phone calls or in person conferences are appropriate choices in communicating sensitive information of that nature.
What methods could be employed to verify that copyright is not being violated?
Cite, cite, and cite again! If you utilize someone else's work, take the time to cite what you used. Better to be safe than sorry--for both students as well as educators! Once everyone gets accustomed to citing as they work, it will hopefully become second nature.
Does copyright require that all work, images, words, and graphics must be original?
Not all work needs to be original. According to www.copyrightkids.org, not everything is protected by copyright law. The following are categories of things not protected:
- Ideas, procedures, methods, systems, processes, concepts, principles, discoveries, or devices, (but written or recorded descriptions, explanations, or illustrations of such things are protected copyright);
- Titles, names, short phrases, and slogans; mere listings of ingredients or contents (but some titles and words might be protected under trademark law if their use is associated with a particular product or service);
- Works that are not fixed in a tangible form of expression, such as an improvised speech or performance that is not written down or otherwise recorded;
- Works consisting entirely of information that is commonly available and contains no originality (for example, standard calendars, standard measures and rulers, lists or tables compiled from public documents or other common sources); and
- Works by the US government.
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